• Nawwaf Al-Hamoudi, Sameer Mokeem, Tariq Abdul Jabbar, FahimVohraFahim Vohra, Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University; Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia., and Zohaib Akram.
• Nawwaf Al-Hamoudi, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• Pak J Med Sci. 2018 Sep 1; 34 (5): 1272-1277.

ObjectivesTo compare self-perceived oral symptoms and clinical (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], clinical attachment loss [CAL]) and radiographic (marginal bone loss [MBL]) periodontal parameters among naswar (NW) and non-naswar dippers (NNW).MethodsOne hundred and forty-two individuals (72 patients consuming naswar and 70 controls) were included. All participants completed a baseline questionnaire that included information regarding demographic characteristics and self-perceived oral symptoms. Clinical periodontal parameters (PI, BOP, PD and CAL) were recorded. MBL was measured on digital panoramic radiographs.ResultsPain in teeth, pain on chewing, bleeding gums and burning sensation in the mouth was significantly worse among NW than NNW (p<0.01). Clinical periodontal parameters and MBL were significantly high in NW than NNW (p<0.001). There was statistically significant influence of daily use and mean duration of naswar consumption on the severity of PI, BOP, PD (4 to 6 and >6 mm) and MBL among NW group.ConclusionsSelf-perceived oral symptoms and periodontal parameters were worse among naswar dippers. It is highly recommended that naswar dipping should be considered a potential threat that could have major effects on periodontal tissues.

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