• Nancy Doyle.
• Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK.
• Br. Med. Bull. 2020 Oct 14; 135 (1): 108125108-125.

IntroductionThe term neurodiversity is defined and discussed from the perspectives of neuroscience, psychology and campaigners with lived experience, illustrating the development of aetiological theories for included neurodevelopmental disorders. The emerging discourse is discussed with relevance to adults, social inclusion, occupational performance and the legislative obligations of organizations.Sources Of DataLiterature is reviewed from medicine, psychiatry, psychology, sociology and popular press. No new data are presented in this article.Areas Of AgreementThere is consensus regarding some neurodevelopmental conditions being classed as neurominorities, with a 'spiky profile' of executive functions difficulties juxtaposed against neurocognitive strengths as a defining characteristic.Areas Of ControversyThe developing nomenclature is debated and the application of disability status versus naturally occurring difference. Diagnosis and legal protections vary geographically, resulting in heretofore unclear guidance for practitioners and employers.Growing PointsThe evolutionary critique of the medical model, recognizing and updating clinical approaches considering the emerging consensus and paradigmatic shift.Areas Timely For Developing ResearchIt is recommended that research addresses more functional, occupational concerns and includes the experiences of stakeholders in research development, moving away from diagnosis and deficit towards multi-disciplinary collaboration within a biopsychosocial model.© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press.

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