• Anthony J G Hanley, Donald Bowden, Lynne E Wagenknecht, Aarthi Balasubramanyam, Carl Langfeld, Mohammed F Saad, Jerome I Rotter, Xiuqing Guo, Chen Yii-Der I YD, Michael Bryer-Ash, Jill M Norris, and Steven M Haffner.
• Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2.
• J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007 Jul 1; 92 (7): 2665-71.

ContextHypoadiponectinemia has emerged as an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although associations of adiponectin with central obesity and insulin resistance have been reported, very little data are available from studies using detailed measures of insulin sensitivity (S(I)) and/or body fat distribution in ethnic groups at high risk for metabolic disease.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to identify the correlates of adiponectin in 1636 nondiabetic Hispanics and African-Americans.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study was conducted. S(I) was determined from frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests with minimal model analysis. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues (SAT, VAT, respectively) were determined with computed tomography. Triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin were measured in fasting samples. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to identify factors associated with adiponectin concentration.SettingA multicenter study using a family-based design was conducted.ParticipantsA total of 1636 nondiabetic Hispanic and African-American subjects participated.Main Outcome MeasuresCirculating adiponectin concentration was measured.ResultsAge, female gender, high-density lipoprotein, SAT, and S(I) were positive independent correlates of adiponectin, whereas glucose, CRP, and VAT were negative independent correlates (all P < 0.05). Ethnicity was not an independent correlate of adiponectin in this model (P = 0.27); however, an ethnicity by VAT interaction term was retained, indicating a stronger negative association of VAT with adiponectin in African-Americans compared with Hispanics.ConclusionDirectly measured S(I), VAT, and SAT were independently correlated with adiponectin in Hispanic and African-American subjects. The inverse association of VAT with adiponectin was stronger in African-Americans compared with Hispanics, a finding that suggests possible ethnic differences in the effects of visceral obesity.

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