• Hidenori Kido, Osamu Kano, Asami Hamai, Hiroyuki Masuda, Yutaka Fuchinoue, Masaaki Nemoto, Chiaki Arai, Teppei Takeda, Fumihito Yamabe, Toshihiro Tai, Mizuki Kasahara, Kenichi Suzuki, Nobuyuki Shiraga, Sota Sadamoto, Megumi Wakayama, Yukitoshi Takahashi, Yasuo Iwasaki, Kazutoshi Shibuya, and Yoshihisa Urita.
• Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omorinishi Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan. hidenori775@gmail.com.
• Bmc Neurol. 2017 Feb 1; 17 (1): 22.

BackgroundKikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a self-limited clinicopathologic entity that is increasingly recognized worldwide. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy occurring in young adults. Neurologic involvement is rare, and testitis directly caused by Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease has not yet been reported.Case PresentationA 19-year-old man was brought to our clinic with complaints of fever, headache, fatigue, and left lower quadrant pain that had persisted for 3 weeks. On physical examination, painful cervical lymphadenopathies were observed. Meningitis was suspected based on a cerebrospinal fluid examination, and left-sided orchitis was diagnosed based on findings from magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography. However, neither antibiotics nor antiviral drugs were effective in treating the patient's symptoms. On the 20th day of hospitalization, the patient experienced a loss of consciousness, and brain T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed asymmetrical, high-signal intensities in both basal nuclei and the left temporal lobe. Encephalitis was suspected, and the patient was treated with intravenous prednisolone pulse therapy (1 g/day) for 3 days and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for 5 days. A left cervical lymph node biopsy showed apoptotic necrosis in paracortical and cortical areas with an abundance of macrophages and large lymphoid cells, which had irregular nuclei suggestive of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease; the pathological findings from a brain biopsy were the same as those of the cervical lymph node biopsy. The encephalitis and cervical lymphadenopathies followed a benign course, as did the testitis.ConclusionsThis is the first report of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease involving painful testitis and pathologically proven asymmetrical brain regions. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease should be included in the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with encephalitis, testitis, and fever of unknown origin.

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