• Kaitlyn Easson, Noémi Dahan-Oliel, Charles Rohlicek, Sossy Sahakian, Marie Brossard-Racine, Barbara Mazer, Patricia Riley, Désirée B Maltais, Line Nadeau, Sean Hatzigeorgiou, Norbert Schmitz, and Annette Majnemer.
• Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
• J. Pediatr. 2019 Apr 1; 207: 34-41.e2.

ObjectiveTo compare cognitive, motor, behavioral, and functional outcomes of adolescents born with a congenital heart defect (CHD) and adolescents born preterm.Study DesignAdolescents (11-19 years old) born with a CHD requiring open-heart surgery during infancy (n = 80) or born preterm ≤29 weeks of gestational age (n = 128) between 1991 and 1999 underwent a cross-sectional evaluation of cognitive (Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised), motor (Movement Assessment Battery for Children-II), behavioral (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and functional (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II) outcomes. Independent samples t tests and Pearson χ2 or Fisher exact tests were used to compare mean scores and proportions of impairment, respectively, between groups.ResultsAdolescents born with a CHD and adolescents born preterm had similar cognitive, motor, behavioral, and functional outcomes. Cognitive deficits were detected in 14.3% of adolescents born with a CHD and 11.8% of adolescents born preterm. Motor difficulties were detected in 43.5% of adolescents born with a CHD and 50% of adolescents born preterm. Behavioral problems were found in 23.7% of adolescents in the CHD group and 22.9% in the preterm group. Functional limitations were detected in 12% of adolescents born with a CHD and 7.3% of adolescents born preterm.ConclusionsAdolescents born with a CHD or born preterm have similar profiles of developmental deficits. These findings highlight the importance of providing long-term surveillance to both populations and guide the provision of appropriate educational and rehabilitation services to better ameliorate long-term developmental difficulties.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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