• Violetta Kijowska, Ilona Barańska, Agata Stodolska, and Katarzyna Szczerbińska.
• Laboratory for Research on Aging Society, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sociology of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
• Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. 2021 Jan 29; 131 (1): 42-53.

IntroductionAvailability of nonpharmacological interventions to manage neuropsychiatric symptoms is important to reduce the use of psychotropic drugs in residents with dementia in long‑term care facilities (LTCFs).ObjectivesWe aimed to assess prevalence of nonpharmacological interventions in residents with cognitive impairment in LTCFs, and to find factors associated with their participation in cognitive therapy (CT).Patients And MethodsA cross‑sectional analysis of a country‑representative sample of 23 LTCFs in Poland was conducted between 2015 and 2016. We used the InterRAI‑LTCF tool to collect data from 455 residents with cognitive impairment.ResultsMost of the residents were involved in occupational therapy activities (73.4%) and medical rehabilitation (67.2%); however, less than half participated in CT (44.8%) and physical activity group (41.2%), and only 24.2% of individuals received psychological therapy (PT) and only 22.7% of residents were encouraged to enhance their ability with activities of daily living (ADL). We found a positive correlation between participation in enhancing ADL and CT (rho = 0.677; P <0.001), and a considerable variation between the LTCFs in prevalence of PT, CT, and encouraging maintaining ADL. The chance of participating in CT was higher in women (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% CI, 1.15-3.04), residents of nursing homes (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.69-4.60), of larger facilities (OR, 4.09; 95% CI, 2.45-6.81), and among residents having moderate cognitive impairment (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.27-4.08), delusion (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.34-3.98), diagnosis of depression (OR, 5.07; 95% CI, 2.31-11.14), or Alzheimer disease accompanied by behavioral disorders (OR for interaction, 5.25; 95% CI, 1.28-21.58).ConclusionsWe found a relatively high use of medical rehabilitation and occupational therapy and significant diversity between facilities in use of CT, PT, and maintaining/enhancing ADL.

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