• Mitsuru Yagi, Takehiro Michikawa, Satoshi Suzuki, Eijiro Okada, Satoshi Nori, Osahiko Tsuji, Narihito Nagoshi, Takashi Asazuma, Naobumi Hosogane, Nobuyuki Fujita, Masaya Nakamura, Morio Matsumoto, Kota Watanabe, and Keio Spine Research Group.
• Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku City, Tokyo, Japan.
• Spine. 2021 Jun 15; 46 (12): 813821813-821.

Study DesignRetrospective review of 159 surgically treated consecutive adult symptomatic lumbar deformity (ASLD) (65 ± 9 years, female: 94%) from a multicenter database.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the risk of a poor clinical outcome in ASLD surgery.Summary Of Background DataPoor-risk patients with ASLD remain poorly characterized.MethodsASLD was defined as age >40 years with a lumbar curve ≥30° or C7SVA ≥5 cm and Scoliosis Research Society 22 (SRS22) pain or function <4. Poor outcome was defined as 2y SRS22 total <4 or pain, function or satisfaction ≤3. The outcomes of interest included age, sex, body mass index, bone mineral density, Schwab-SRS type, frailty, history of arthroplasty, upper-instrumented vertebral, lower-instrumented vertebral, levels involved, pedicle subtraction osteotomy, lumbar interbody fusion, sagittal alignment, global alignment and proportion (GAP) score, baseline SRS22r score, estimated blood loss, time of surgery, and severe adverse event (SAE). Poisson regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risks for poor clinical outcome. A patient was considered at poor risk if the number of risks was >4.ResultsAll SRS22 domains were significantly improved after surgery. In total, 21% (n = 34) reported satisfaction ≤3 and 29% (n = 46) reported pain or function ≤3. Poisson regression analysis revealed that frailty (odds ratio [OR]: 0.2 [0.1-0.8], P = .03), baseline mental-health (OR: 0.6 [0.4-0.9], P = .01) and function (OR: 1.9 [1.0-3.6], P < .01), GAP score (OR: 4.6 [1.1-18.7], P = .03), and SAE (OR: 3.0 [1.7-5.2], P < .01) were identified as independent risk for poor clinical outcome. Only 17% (n = 6) of the poor-risk patients reached SRS22 total score >4.0 at 2 years.ConclusionThe overall clinical outcome was favorable for ASLD surgery. Poor-risk patients continue to have inferior outcomes, and alternative treatment strategies are needed to help improve outcomes in this patient population. Recognition and optimization of modifiable risk factors, such as physical function and mental health, and reduced SAEs may improve overall clinical outcomes of ASLD surgery.Level of Evidence: 3.Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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