• Lu Shen, Guoxing Zhou, Fei Tang, Yi Lin, Jie Zhou, Pinshuo Lv, Yibin Wang, Genlin Zong, and Jiangmin Zhao.
• Department of Radiology, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.
• Clin Imaging. 2018 Nov 1; 52: 44-56.

PurposeTo perform a meta-analysis for assessing the accuracy of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)-derived quantitative parameters (kurtosis values, K; and corrected diffusion coefficients non-Gaussian bias, D) in separating malignant cancers from benign lesions.MethodsRelevant studies were searched in PubMed and Cochrane Library databases and were analyzed by Meta-DiSc software.ResultsFourteen eligible studies involving 1847 lesions in 1107 patients (895 were benign and 952 were malignant) were included. Pooled analysis showed the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR), and negative LR were respectively 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79-0.85), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.80-0.86), 4.61 (95% CI, 2.98-7.14), and 0.22 (95% CI, 0.18-0.28) for K, with the overall area under curve (AUC) of 0.89. The sensitivity, specificity, positive LR, and negative LR were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.80-0.88), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79-0.89), 6.39 (95% CI, 3.14-12.99), and 0.18 (95% CI, 0.14-0.23) for D, with the overall AUC of 0.92. The sensitivity, specificity, positive LR, and negative LR for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from standard diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79-0.84), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.82-0.88), 4.75 (95% CI, 3.38-6.68), and 0.24 (95% CI, 0.19-0.29), with the overall AUC of 0.89. The superiority of D to K and ADC was also confirmed by the subgroup analysis of prostate cancer.ConclusionOur findings suggest that DKI should be added to the routine imaging protocol for screening cancer, with the highest diagnostic accuracy of diffusion coefficients.Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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