• Nava Morshedzadeh, Shabnam Shahrokh, Vahid Chaleshi, Soheila Karimi, Parvin Mirmiran, and Mohammad Reza Zali.
• Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
• Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2021 May 1; 75 (5): e14035.

AimsInflammatory bowel disease, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestinal mucosa, is a clinical presentation of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study investigated the effect of grounded flaxseed (GF) and flaxseed oil (FO) on clinical biomarkers, quality of life and diseases activity in patients with UC. This research was conducted among 90 patients with UC for 12 weeks using an open-labelled randomised controlled trial design.MethodsThe participants were randomly assigned into two intervention groups supplemented with GF (30 gr/day) and FO (10 gr/day) as well as a control group. The participants' data were collected prior to and 12 weeks after the intervention. The one-way analysis of variance was run to compare variables.ResultsA total of 75 patients completed the study. After the intervention, hs-CRP (P < .001) and Mayo score (P < .001) were reduced significantly, but quality of life was increased significantly (P < .001) in the GF and FO groups compared with the control. A significant increase was observed in IL-10 concentration in the FO group, but no significant change was found in serum levels of IL-10 in the control group. Moreover, the decrease in Mayo score was greater in patients at more severe stages of the disease (P < .05). No difference was observed between the intervention groups and control group in mRNA expression level of TLR4 at the 12th week.ConclusionIn conclusion, grounded flaxseed and FO attenuated systemic inflammation and improved disease severity in UC patients.© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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