• Vicente Mirabet, Daniel García, Amparo Roca, Arnold R Quiroz, Joan Antón, Miguel Rodríguez-Cadarso, Dolores Ocete, Lucas Aranda, Ana Melero, Antonio J Guillot, Nuria Yagüe, Isabel Guillén, and Carlos Botella.
• Cell and Tissue Bank, Centro de Transfusión de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: mirabet_vic@gva.es.
• World Neurosurg. 2021 May 1; 149: e582-e591.

ObjectiveThe aim of this article was to study the outcome of patients who underwent cranioplasty with cryopreserved autologous bone after decompressive craniectomy.MethodsData from 74 patients were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into groups according to the storage time and the age at cranioplasty. To assess the predictive potential for complication, factors were related to successive stages (preoperative, craniectomy, tissue processing, cranioplasty, and postoperative). Cooling and warming rates applied on bone flap were calculated. The ability to inhibit microbial growth was determined exposing bone fragments to a panel of microorganisms. The concentration of antibiotics eluted from the bone was also determined. A bone explant culture method was used to detect living cells in the thawed cranial bone.ResultsHydrocephalus was significantly more frequent in pediatric patients (26.7%) than in adults (5.1%). The overall rate of bone flap resorption was 21.6% (43.7% of which required reoperation). Surgical site infection after cranioplasty was detected in 6.8% of patients. There was no correlation between infection as a postoperative complication and previous microbiological-positive culture during processing. The cause of craniectomy did not influence the risk of bone flap contamination. Vancomycin was the only antibiotic detected in the supernatant where the bone was incubated. Outgrowth from bone explants was observed in 36.8% of thawed skulls. An early start of bone flap processing at the tissue bank had a positive effect on cell viability.ConclusionsThe outcome after autologous cranioplasty is a multifactorial process, which is modulated by patient-related, surgery-related, and bone-related factors.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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