• Yan Liang, Xing Chen, Jinrong Wang, Chunyan Guo, Fengqin Liu, and Juan Yang.
• Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Feb 12; 100 (6): e24630e24630.

RationaleMucormycosis is a rare fungal infection that typically occurs in immunosuppressed patients following chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Patient ConcernsAn 11-year-old child with newly developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia suffered from the paroxysmal left chest pain, fever, and hemoptysis.DiagnosesWe made a histopathologic diagnosis aided by bronchoscopy techniques, which indicated invasive fungal hyphae that are characteristic of mucormycosis.InterventionsThe patient was treated with oral posaconazole and repeated bronchoscopy interventions for 4 months.OutcomesThe patient's clinical signs and symptoms and signs were no longer present. The prior lung lesions were also no longer observable using radiologic methods, and a 3-month follow-up with the patient showed no signs of mucormycosis recurrence. Finally, the patient was cured, when the cancer chemotherapy was stopped. Close follow-up for another 2 years showed no evidence of recurrence.LessonsMucormycosis diagnosis is difficult as clinical and imaging findings vary. This case demonstrates that posaconazole monotherapy combined with bronchoscopy interventions may be a safe and effective treatment option for pediatric pulmonary mucormycosis.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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