• M Bender, S Müller, T Wirth, T W Kansow, and P Griss.
• Orthopädische Klinik der Philipps-Universität, Rudolph-Bultmann-Straße 8, W-3550, Marburg, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
• Schmerz. 1991 Dec 1;5(4):214-8.

AbstractA consecutive series of 98 patients presenting at an orthopedic outpatient clinic with chronic low back pain of at least 6 months' duration and with no organic findings (ruled out by clinical and radiological examination) were evaluated by means of a questionnaire which included the constructs "patient history," "pain-related restrictions," and "depression." Pain perception was evaluated with an adjective list revealing four main factors: two affective factors, i.e., "suffering from pain" and "anxiety," and two sensory factors, i.e., "acuteness" and "rhythmics of pain." The two affective factors (as against the sensory factors) subsequently influence the degree of pain intensity (measured with a visual analog scale), the patient's history and the patient's perceived impairment of daily life. Depression (von Zerssen scale) correlated with pain factors only when the whole range of pain factors was considered. The implications for treatment in patients with a high score for affective factors in the adjective list (indicator for a low success rate with traditional therapy) are discussed.

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