• Nicholas R Mayne, Holly C Elser, Alice J Darling, Vignesh Raman, Douglas Z Liou, Yolonda L Colson, Thomas A D'Amico, and Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang.
• Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
• Ann. Surg. 2021 May 1; 273 (5): 850857850-857.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of extended delay to surgery for stage I NSCLC.Summary Of Background DataDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with NSCLC may experience delays in care, and some national guidelines recommend delays in surgery by >3 months for early NSCLC.MethodsUsing data from the National Lung Screening Trial, a multi-center randomized trial, and the National Cancer Data Base, a multi-institutional oncology registry, the impact of "early" versus "delayed" surgery (surgery received 0-30 vs 90-120 days after diagnosis) for stage I lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was assessed using multivariable Cox regression analysis with penalized smoothing spline functions and propensity score-matched analyses.ResultsIn Cox regression analysis of the National Lung Screening Trial (n = 452) and National Cancer Data Base (n = 80,086) cohorts, an increase in the hazard ratio was seen the longer surgery was delayed. In propensity score-matched analysis, no significant differences in survival were found between early and delayed surgery for stage IA1 adenocarcinoma and IA1-IA3 SCC (all P > 0.13). For stage IA2-IB adenocarcinoma and IB SCC, delayed surgery was associated with worse survival (all P < 0.004).ConclusionsThe mortality risk associated with an extended delay to surgery differs across patient subgroups, and difficult decisions to delay care during the COVID-19 pandemic should take substage and histologic subtype into consideration.Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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