• Eduardo De Pablo-Fernandez and Thomas T Warner.
• Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ London, UK.
• Br. Med. Bull. 2017 Sep 1; 123 (1): 91-102.

IntroductionDystonia is a clinically heterogeneous group of hyperkinetic movement disorders. Recent advances have provided a better understanding of these conditions with significant clinical impact.Sources Of DataPeer reviewed journals and reviews. PubMed.gov.Areas Of AgreementA recent consensus classification, including the assessment of phenomenology and identification of the dystonia syndromes, has provided a helpful tool for the clinical assessment. New forms of monogenic dystonia have been recently identified.Areas Of ControversyDespite recent advances in the understanding of dystonia, treatment remains symptomatic in most patients.Growing PointsRecent advances in genetics have provided a better understanding of the potential pathogenic mechanisms involved in dystonia. Deep brain stimulation has shown to improve focal and combined forms of dystonia and its indications are constantly expanding.Areas Timely For Developing ResearchGrowing understanding of the disease mechanisms involved will allow the development of targeted and disease-modifying therapies in the future.© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

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