• Hua Tang, Rong Xia, Shuyu Xu, Chenzhe Tao, and Chao Wang.
• Department of General Surgery, Tongling People's Hospital, 468 Bijiashan Road, Tongling, Anhui Province 244000.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Feb 26; 100 (8): e24794e24794.

RationaleSclerosing encapsulated peritonitis (SEP) is a rare chronic peritoneal inflammation with unknown etiology, and is also known as abdominal cocoon. This occurs when the intestinal annulus is enveloped in the peritoneal cavity, resulting in intestinal obstruction. Its preoperative diagnosis and treatment strategy remains a challenge.Patient ConcernsThe study reports a 53-year-old male, who presented with a 4-day history of paroxysmal abdominal pain, without the adverse reaction of nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.DiagnosisThe accurate diagnosis of SEP was made after the emergency diagnostic laparoscopy.InterventionsThe laparoscopic exploration revealed that the small intestine was wrapped by a layer of peritoneum. Then, the abdominal fibrous membrane was removed surgically, and adhesiolysis were performed. The patient recovered well, and gradually recovered by the 10th post-operative day.OutcomesThe patient was discharged uneventfully after 10 days, and the patient recovered well. After the 12-month follow-up, no symptoms of recurrence or complications were observed.LessonsThe preoperative diagnosis of SEP remains difficult, and the onset of SEP has exhibited a younger trend. The diagnosis of SEP should remain on the list of differential diagnosis for paroxysmal abdominal pain. single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography and laparoscopic exploration have been proven to be helpful for establishing the diagnosis. In the early stage of intestinal obstruction caused by SEP, surgical intervention was immediately carried out in emergency department, and the patient recovered well after the operation. The present study also presents a review of the literature for other cases of SEP. The external evidence was helpful in making clinical decisions for patient care.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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