• Kazuya Takamochi, Kota Imashimizu, Mariko Fukui, Tatsuo Maeyashiki, Mikiko Suzuki, Takuya Ueda, Hironori Matsuzawa, Shunki Hirayama, Takeshi Matsunaga, Shiaki Oh, and Kenji Suzuki.
• Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: ktakamo@juntendo.ac.jp.
• Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2017 Jul 1; 104 (1): 275-283.

BackgroundWe sought to evaluate the clinical utility of chest tube management after pulmonary resection based on objective digital monitoring of pleural pressure and digital surveillance for air leaks.MethodsWe prospectively recorded the perioperative data of 308 patients who underwent pulmonary resection between December 2013 and January 2016. We used information from a digital monitoring thoracic drainage system to measure peak air leakage during the first 24 hours after the operation, patterns of air leakage over the first 72 hours, and patterns of pleural pressure changes until the chest tubes were removed.ResultsThere were 240 patients with lung cancer and 68 patients with other diseases. The operations included 49 wedge resections, 58 segmentectomies, and 201 lobectomies. A postoperative air leak was observed in 61 patients (20%). A prolonged air leak exceeding 20 mL/min lasting 5 days or more was observed in 18 patients (5.8%). Multivariate analysis of various perioperative factors showed forced expiratory volume in 1 second below 70%, patterns of air leakage, defined as exacerbating and remitting or without a trend toward improvement, and peak air leakage of 100 mL/min or more were significant positive predictors of prolonged air leak. Fluctuations in pleural pressure occurred just after the air leakage rate decreased to less than 20 mL/min.ConclusionsDigital monitoring of peak air leakage and patterns of air leakage were useful for predicting prolonged air leak after pulmonary resection. Information on the disappearance of air leak could be derived from the change in the rate of air leakage and from the increase in fluctuation of pleural pressure.Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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