• Parisa Hajihashemi, Leila Azadbakht, Mahin Hashemipour, Roya Kelishadi, Parvane Saneei, and Ahmad Esmaillzadeh.
• Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
• Nutrition. 2021 Jul 1; 87-88: 111200.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of whole grain consumption on the metabolic profiles of overweight or obese children.MethodsThis was a randomized crossover clinical trial with 44 overweight or obese girls. After a 2-wk run-in period, girls were randomly assigned to either intervention or control groups. Participants in the intervention group were asked to obtain 50% of their grain servings from whole grain foods each day for 6 wk. Those in the control group were asked not to consume any of these foods. A 4-wk washout period was applied following which participants were crossed over to the alternate arm. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after each phase of study.ResultsMean (± SD) age and body mass index was 11.2 ± 1.49 y and 23.5 ± 2.5 kg/m2, respectively. Mean whole grain intake in intervention and control groups throughout the study was 26.5 and 3.7 g/d, respectively (P = 0.01). Whole grain consumption resulted in lower concentrations of plasma glucose (changes from baseline in intervention group: -0.10 versus 0.21 mmol/L in control group, P = 0.01), serum triacylglycerols (changes from baseline in intervention group: -0.18 versus 0.08 mmol/L in control group, P = 0.01) and higher concentrations of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (changes from baseline in intervention group: 0.16 versus -0.14 mmol/L in control group, P = 0.05) after 6 wk of intervention. No effects of whole grain intake on serum concentrations of total- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or on blood pressure were found.ConclusionThis study provided evidence supporting the beneficial effects of whole grain foods on serum concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerols and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in overweight children.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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