• K Mataam, J-C Ilboudo, L Gazaigne, E Wafo, and F Angenard.
• Service d'anesthésiologie, cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgique.
• Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2012 May 1;31(5):462-5.

AbstractWe report here two cases of autoimmune encephalitis associated with antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. The primary cause was an ovarian teratoma in one case. The outcomes were good. The first case was a late diagnosis, despite a typical clinical presentation. The clinical presentation of this disease remains unknown, especially in the intensive care unit. The treatment was recently codified and transformed the prognosis of this encephalitis. The second case was early treated in the course of the disease, due to the experience related to the previous case. In case of unexplained acute or subacute encephalitis or psychiatric-like disorders without prior medical history, the determination of the level of expression of antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and other antineuroreceptors antibodies can help to identify this diagnosis. The initial picture of the disease, its variability and the unawareness of the recent reports on this encephalitis may lead to a wrong diagnosis and inappropriate management.Copyright © 2012 Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

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