• Krishma Kataria and Amy Ilsley.
• Department of Geriatric Medicine, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK.
• Brit J Hosp Med. 2021 Apr 2; 82 (4): 1-8.

AbstractIncontinence is a problem that can affect individuals of all ages. However, it is more frequently seen in older adults. It is a common geriatric syndrome, and its investigation should form part of a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Continence problems are usually ignored by patients and not reported to a medical professional, but with simple assessment and even simpler interventions, a significant improvement can be made for those living with incontinence. Most cases need a simple clinical assessment consisting of a good history and basic examination covering the abdomen, external genitalia and rectum. If no reversible causes are found, further investigations can be considered. The treatment for incontinence can be split into non-surgical and surgical management. Simple conservative measures, such as education around fluid intake, weight loss, managing constipation and pelvic floor exercises, can make a huge and positive impact on managing incontinence. If these are not effective, pharmaceutical therapies and surgical management can be considered, but there needs to be a careful consideration of the risk vs benefit in frail older adults.

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