• Tetsuhide Ito, Yoshitaka Honma, Susumu Hijioka, Atsushi Kudo, Akira Fukutomi, Akira Nozaki, Yasutoshi Kimura, Fuyuhiko Motoi, Hiroyuki Isayama, Izumi Komoto, Seiichi Hisamatsu, Akihiro Nakajima, and Akira Shimatsu.
• Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Fukuoka Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. itopapa@med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
• Invest New Drugs. 2017 Aug 1; 35 (4): 499-508.

AbstractBackground Lanreotide is a long-acting somatostatin analog with demonstrated efficacy against enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) in the phase III (CLARINET) study. Materials and Methods In this single-arm study, Japanese patients with grade (G) 1/G2 NET received lanreotide (120 mg/4 weeks) for 48 weeks. Those who completed the study were enrolled in a long-term extension study. The primary endpoint was the clinical benefit rate (CBR) defined as a complete response, partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) over 24-weeks. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), safety, and pharmacokinetics. Results Thirty-two patients were recruited at 10 sites. The full analysis set (FAS) comprised 28 patients. Primary tumors were located in pancreas (12 patients), foregut (non-pancreas, lung; 1), midgut (2), hindgut (8), and unknown (5). Four patients had gastrinoma of the functional NET, and 3 had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. In the FAS, 39.3% had progressive disease at baseline. The CBR at 24 weeks was 64.3% (95% confidence interval; CI: 44.1-81.4), and median PFS was 36.3 weeks (95% CI: 24.1-53.1). PR was confirmed in 1 patient at 60 weeks during the extension study (ORR: 3.6%). Frequent adverse events related to lanreotide included injection site induration (28.1%), faeces pale (18.8%), flatulence (12.5%), and diabetes mellitus (12.5%). Conclusions The efficacy and safety of lanreotide in this study indicated its usefulness as a treatment option for Japanese NET patients.

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