• Seethal A Jacob, Emily L Mueller, Anneli R Cochrane, Aaron E Carroll, and William E Bennett.
• Section of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
• Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2020 Jun 1; 67 (6): e28067.

BackgroundUniversal newborn screening and improved treatment options have led to increased survival in sickle cell disease (SCD). However, patients with SCD still rely heavily on acute care services.ObjectiveTo determine the variation seen in hospitalizations for the top complaints for ED visits for children with SCD nationally.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of the Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) Database between October 2011 and September 2015. Emergency department (ED) encounters were selected by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for SCD with and without crisis, fever, and pain. Univariate analyses were performed, as well as index of dispersion (ID) to assess variation by day of the week and region. ANOVA and t-test were used to determine statistical significance.ResultsA total of 68 661 ED encounters at 36 hospitals met the criteria for inclusion. Of those encounters, 50.1% were admitted to the hospital. Pain and fever were the most common primary diagnoses among this population. Although variation in hospitalization was seen overall, as well as for a primary diagnosis of pain or fever, this variation was not explained by weekday/weekend designation.ConclusionThe results of our study confirm pain and fever as the most common primary diagnoses for children with SCD who seek acute care, as well as demonstrate that while significant variation in hospitalization exists, it is not associated with day of the week. Further studies to elucidate patient- and hospital-level factors that influence admission variation are necessary.© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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