Pediatric blood & cancer
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Pediatric blood & cancer · Jul 2021
Children and young adults hospitalized for severe COVID-19 exhibit thrombotic coagulopathy.
We report the clinical and laboratory coagulation characteristics of 27 pediatric and young adult patients (2 months to 21 years) treated for symptomatic COVID-19 at a children's hospital in the Bronx, New York, between March 1 and May 31, 2020. D-Dimer was > 0.5 μg/mL (upper limit of normal) in 25 (93%) patients at admission; 11 (41%) developed peak D-dimer > 5 μg/mL during admission. Seven (26%) patients developed venous thromboembolism: three with deep vein thrombosis and four with pulmonary embolism. ⋯ Four (15%) patients died of COVID-19 complications: all had comorbidities. Elevated D-dimer and increased VTE rate were observed in this young cohort, particularly in those with severe respiratory complications, suggesting thrombotic coagulopathy. More data are needed to guide thromboprophylaxis in this age group.
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Pediatric blood & cancer · May 2021
Nocturnal hypertension associated with stroke and silent cerebral infarcts in children with sickle cell disease.
Strokes and silent cerebral infarcts (SCIs) lead to significant morbidity and mortality in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Higher systolic blood pressures increase risk for stroke and SCIs; however, patients with SCD often have lower clinic blood pressures than the general population. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) allows for more robust examination of blood pressures. This study evaluated associations between abnormal ABPM measurements with stroke and SCIs. ⋯ This study reveals an association between nocturnal hypertension and a higher prevalence of SCI and stroke in children with SCD. Larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the contributory nature of blood pressure abnormalities to cerebrovascular events in children with SCD.
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Pediatric blood & cancer · Apr 2021
Homestead together: Pediatric palliative care telehealth support for rural children with cancer during home-based end-of-life care.
Children with terminal cancer and their families describe a preference for home-based end-of-life care. Inadequate support outside of the hospital is a limiting factor in home location feasibility, particularly in rural regions lacking pediatric-trained hospice providers. ⋯ Pediatric palliative care telehealth combined with adult-trained rural hospice providers may be utilized to support pediatric oncology patients and their family caregivers as part of longitudinal home-based hospice care.
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Pediatric blood & cancer · Jan 2021
ReviewA review of the clinical applications of ketamine in pediatric oncology.
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic agent with excellent analgesic properties and a favorable safety profile. The feasibility and efficacy of various routes of administration have been established, including intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), oral, intranasal, rectal, and transdermal routes. The advent of newer anesthetic agents has led to a decline in the use of ketamine as an anesthetic, but its utility in short-term sedation and analgesia has expanded. ⋯ The use of topical ketamine is largely in investigational stages. Medical use of ketamine is, to a great extent, free from significant long-term neurological side effects. The objective of this review is to provide a brief account of the pharmacology of ketamine and primarily focus on the clinical applications of ketamine in pediatric oncology.