• Shih-Yi Lin, Cheng-Li Lin, Shih-Sheng Chang, Yi-Huei Chang, Wu-Huei Hsu, Cheng-Chieh Lin, and Chia-Hung Kao.
• Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
• Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2021 Sep 1; 75 (9): e14416.

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate whether the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) is heightened in patients with prostate cancer receiving injection therapy.MethodsMen diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2000 and 2012 were included in the case cohort, and men without prostate cancer were included as controls. Each patient with prostate cancer was matched with a control patient with the same index year, demographic variables and comorbidities, and comparisons were made using propensity score matching. The hazard ratio of DM was estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsThis cohort study consisted of 1213 patients with prostate cancer and 1213 control patients. The risk of DM in patients with prostate cancer was 1.60 times (95% CI = 1.12, 2.27) that of patients without prostate cancer. Compared with the controls, the hazard ratios of DM for patients with prostate cancer not receiving oral hormone therapy, patients with prostate cancer receiving oral hormone therapy, and patients with prostate cancer not receiving injection hormone therapy were 1.65 (95% CI = 1.01, 2.70), 1.57 (95% CI = 1.07, 2.70), and 1.94 (95% CI = 1.34, 2.81), respectively. The risk of DM in patients who received injection hormone therapy was 0.45 times (95% CI = 0.25, 0.82) that of patients who did not receive injection hormone therapy.ConclusionPatients with prostate cancer had an increased risk of DM compared with patients without prostate cancer. Patients with prostate cancer who received injection therapy had a lower risk of DM compared with those who did not.© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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