• Seongheon Lee, Eun-A Jang, Shiyoung Chung, Dong Ho Kang, Seung Myung Park, Minjae Hong, Joungmin Kim, and Seongwook Jeong.
• Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.
• J Clin Anesth. 2021 Oct 1; 73: 110338.

Study ObjectiveTo determine the effect of deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) on surgical field conditions through multiple assessments during pneumoperitoneum and evaluate the effect of the depth of intraoperative NMB on the quality of postoperative recovery over multiple time periods.DesignProspective randomized study.SettingOperating room of a university hospital.PatientsEighty non-morbidly obese patients (ASA physical status 1-2) who were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic gastrectomy in the reverse Trendelenburg position.InterventionsPatients were allocated to either the deep or moderate NMB group. The depth of NMB was maintained at a post-tetanic count of 1 for deep NMB with a continuous infusion of rocuronium and at a train-of-four count of 1 for moderate NMB with a small intermittent bolus of cisatracurium.MeasurementsSingle-blinded scoring of the quality of the surgical field condition was performed by a surgeon using a five-point scale in a 15-min interval during pneumoperitoneum. The quality of postoperative recovery was assessed using the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale (PostopQRS) on the day before surgery (baseline) and 1 h, 1 day, and 6 days after surgery.Main ResultsOptimal surgical field condition was rated in 87.0% (449/516) and 72.3% (370/512) of all measurements during deep and moderate NMB, respectively (P < 0.001). The percentage of patients maintaining a good-to-optimal condition throughout pneumoperitoneum was higher in the deep NMB group than in the moderate NMB group. There were no significant differences in the percentage of recovered patients between the two groups for all domains and all timepoints.ConclusionsMultiple assessments of the surgical field condition demonstrated that deep NMB provided a more satisfactory surgical field condition than moderate NMB during laparoscopic gastrectomy. However, the quality of postoperative recovery, assessed using the PostopQRS, was not different between the two groups according to the depth of NMB.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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