• Lijuan Dong, Na Liu, Xiaoyu Tian, Xiaoxia Qiao, Gobbens Robbert J J RJJ Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, De Boelelaan 1109, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Zonneh, Robert L Kane, and Cuili Wang.
• School of Nursing, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, China.
• Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017 Nov 1; 73: 21-28.

ObjectiveTo translate the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) into Chinese and assess its reliability and validity.MethodsA sample of 917 community-dwelling older people, aged ≥60 years, in a Chinese city was included between August 2015 and March 2016. Construct validity was assessed using alternative measures corresponding to the TFI items, including self-rated health status (SRH), unintentional weight loss, walking speed, timed-up-and-go tests (TUGT), making telephone calls, grip strength, exhaustion, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), Geriatric Depression scale (GDS-15), emotional role, Adaptability Partnership Growth Affection and Resolve scale (APGAR) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Fried's phenotype and frailty index were measured to evaluate criterion validity. Adverse health outcomes (ADL and IADL disability, healthcare utilization, GDS-15, SSRS) were used to assess predictive (concurrent) validity.ResultsThe internal consistency reliability was good (Cronbach's α=0.71). The test-retest reliability was strong (r=0.88). Kappa coefficients showed agreements between the TFI items and corresponding alternative measures. Alternative measures correlated as expected with the three domains of TFI, with an exclusion that alternative psychological measures had similar correlations with psychological and physical domains of the TFI. The Chinese TFI had excellent criterion validity with the AUCs regarding physical phenotype and frailty index of 0.87 and 0.86, respectively. The predictive (concurrent) validities of the adverse health outcomes and healthcare utilization were acceptable (AUCs: 0.65-0.83).ConclusionsThe Chinese TFI has good validity and reliability as an integral instrument to measure frailty of older people living in the community in China.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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