• Hideaki Takai, Hiroaki Miyata, Noboru Motomura, Kenichi Sasaki, Takashi Kunihara, and Shinichi Takamoto.
• Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Cardiovascular Institute, 3-2-19 Nishiazabu Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-0031, Japan.
• Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017 Sep 1; 65 (9): 500-505.

ObjectiveAlthough the benefit of surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) performed concomitant to mitral valve surgery is established, whether that performed concomitant to non-mitral cardiac surgery is beneficial remains unclear. In non-mitral, non-left-atriotomy cardiac surgery, the optimal surgical approach for AF remains to be established. Therefore, using the Japan Adult Cardiovascular Surgery Database (JACVSD), we compared 2 surgical ablation procedures [the maze procedure and pulmonary vein isolation (PVI)] performed concomitant to non-mitral cardiac surgery.MethodsOf 3402 JACVSD patients who had undergone elective non-mitral cardiac surgery by 2012, 1797 (53%) had undergone concomitant PVI, and 1339 (39%) had undergone the maze procedure. To compensate for patient heterogeneity, we conducted a propensity score-matched analysis of 1952 patients who had undergone PVI or the maze procedure (976 patients each).ResultsOperative procedures took significantly longer in the Maze Group. Although postoperative AF occurred in 34.3% of the PVI Group patients and in 31.9% of the Maze Group patients (p = 0.371), the incidence of first-time pacemaker implantation was significantly lower in the PVI Group (1.9 vs. 4.1%, respectively; p = 0.005). There was no significant difference in other morbidities or in operative mortality. Postoperative hospital and ICU stays tended to be longer in the Maze Group.ConclusionsOur data indicate that surgical ablation of AF concomitant to non-mitral cardiac surgery is beneficial. Furthermore, PVI and the maze procedure appear to be of equal benefit in this context, except that the maze procedure may more frequently result in the need for pacemaker implantation.

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