• Giuseppe Gargano, Antonio Oliviero, Francesco Oliva, and Nicola Maffulli.
• Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy.
• Br. Med. Bull. 2021 Jun 10; 138 (1): 58-67.

BackgroundTenogenesis and tendon homeostasis are guided by genes encoding for the structural molecules of tendon fibres. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), acting on gene regulation, can therefore participate in the process of tendon healing.Sources Of DataA systematic search of different databases to October 2020 identified 17 suitable studies.Areas Of AgreementSiRNAs can be useful to study reparative processes of tendons and identify possible therapeutic targets in tendon healing.Areas Of ControversyMany genes and growth factors involved in the processes of tendinopathy and tendon healing can be regulated by siRNAs. It is however unclear which gene silencing determines the expected effect.Growing PointsGene dysregulation of growth factors and tendon structural proteins can be influenced by siRNA.Areas Timely For Developing ResearchIt is not clear whether there is a direct action of the siRNAs that can be used to facilitate the repair processes of tendons.© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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