• Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa, Damaris Patricia Rojas, Dario Zerini, Cristiana Fodor, Anna Viola, Giuseppe Fanetti, Stefania Volpe, Rosa Luraschi, Alessia Bazani, Elena Rondi, Federica Cattani, Andrea Vavassori, Cristina Garibaldi, Sarah Alessi, Paola Pricolo, Giuseppe Petralia, Gabriele Cozzi, Ottavio De Cobelli, Gennaro Musi, Roberto Orecchia, Giulia Marvaso, and Delia Ciardo.
• 1 Division of Radiation Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan , Italy.
• Br J Radiol. 2019 Feb 1; 92 (1094): 20180494.

Objective:To evaluate high-precision external beam reirradiation (re-EBRT) for local relapse of prostate cancer (PCa) after radiotherapy.Methods:This retrospective study included patients with biochemical failure and evidence of isolated local recurrence of PCa after radical/salvage EBRT or brachytherapy that received salvage stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT, re-EBRT). Biopsy was not mandatory if all diagnostic elements were univocal (prostate specific antigen evolution, choline-positron emission tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). Salvage SBRT (re-EBRT) was delivered with image-guided radiation therapy (RapidArc®, VERO® and CyberKnife®).Results:Data of 64 patients were included, median age at salvage SBRT was 73.2 years, median pre-salvage SBRT prostate specific antigen was 3.89  ng ml-1 . Median total dose was 30  Gy in five fractions, biologically effective dose (BED) of 150  Gy. One acute G3 genitourinary event and one late G3 genitourinary event were observed. No G ≥ 3 bowel toxicity was registered. At the median follow-up of 26.1 months, tumor progression was observed in 41 patients (64%). 18 patients (28%) experienced local relapse. 2-year local control, biochemical and clinical relapse free survival rates were 75, 40 and 53%, respectively. With BED ≥130  Gy 1-year biochemical and clinical progression-free survival rate were 85 and 90%, respectively.Conclusions:Salvage SBRT (re-EBRT) for isolated local PCa recurrence is a safe, feasible and noninvasive salvage treatment. Further investigation is warranted to define the optimal patient selection, dose and volume parameters.Advances In Knowledge:Salvage SBRT reirradiation for the locally recurrent PCa offer a satisfactory tumor control and excellent toxicity profile, if BED ≥130 Gy is administered.

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