• Sherif Y El Sharouni, Henk B Kal, Angeliqué Barten-Van Rijbroek, Henk Struikmans, Jan J Battermann, and Franz M N H Schramel.
• University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Radiotherapy, Q00.118, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands. S.Y.ElSharouni@umcutrecht.nl
• Anticancer Res. 2009 Dec 1; 29 (12): 5219-24.

BackgroundPatients with limited-disease small cell lung cancer are treated with chemotherapy and chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. Treatment schemes with curative intention include sequential or concurrent chemoradiotherapy, both combined with prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). It is unclear which scheme is superior.Patients And MethodsUntil 2001, patients received 4-5 cycles of chemotherapy. In cases of no complete response, palliative radiotherapy (RT) was given in 13 fractions of 3 Gy (CT-RT group, N=26). A total of 89 patients did not receive RT after chemotherapy (CT group). After complete response, curatively intended RT was given, of 16x2.5 Gy, concurrently with PCI of 15x2 Gy (SCT-RT group, N=111). From 2001, 40 patients received 4-5 cycles of chemotherapy concurrently with RT of 25x1.8 Gy. PCI was applied to patients with complete response (CCT-RT group). Endpoints were median survival time (MST) and overall survival (OS).ResultsMST of CT, CT-RT, SCT-RT and CCT-RT were 8.1, 12.5, 14.0 and 21.8 months, and 5-year OS 3.5, 4.8, 10.5 and 26.9%, respectively. Frequencies of brain metastasis after PCI in SCT-RT and CCT-RT patients were 16.4% and 8.7%, respectively.ConclusionConcurrent chemoradiotherapy resulted in longer MST and higher OS than sequential chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy with palliative radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone. Results may improve further by applying PCI at an earlier stage and increasing the RT dose.

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