• Mohammed S Al-Shahrani, Majed I Hakami, Mahmoud A Younis, Hanan A Fan, Mohammed A Jeraiby, and Yasser Alraey.
• From the Department of Medical Laboratory (Al-Shahrani), Department of Pulmonary Medicine (Younis, Fan), King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah; Saudi Ministry of Health (Hakami), King Fahd Central Hospital; from the Biochemistry Department (Jeraiby), Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan; and from Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alraey), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• Saudi Med J. 2021 Jul 1; 42 (7): 728734728-734.

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence mono-resistant tuberculosis (MR-TB) and multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB), and evaluate the risk factors associated with the drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB).MethodsA descriptive, retrospective study was applied, utilizing the TB patients' medical records at King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital (KFAFH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The records of patients notified between 2000 and 2018 were reviewed and culture positive cases for Mycobacterium tuberculosis species were included. Moreover, the risk factors included were age, gender, smoking history, renal disease, liver disease, hyperbilirubinemia, diabetes mellitus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).ResultsNine hundred and one cases in entirety were involved in the research, out of which 193 had drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) (21.4%). Out of the 21.4% DR-TB, 91.7% were MR-TB and 8.3% were MDR-TB. The highest MR prevalence was for pyrazinamide at 33.4%, while the lowest resistance was for ethambutol at 7.1%. For the risk factors of drug-resistant TB, only age depicted a statistically significant (p<0.01) but weak negative (r= -0.145) correlation with anti-TB drug resistance.ConclusionRates of DR-TB reported in the study are considered higher compared to the recently reported national and international rates. According to the results, only younger people are at risk of developing DR-TB. Moreover, genetic mutation may play a role in drug resistance among our cases specifically for pyrazinamide monoresistance.Copyright: © Saudi Medical Journal.

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