• A Tursi and S Papagrigoriadis.
• Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Lorenzo Bonomo Hospital, Andria, Italy. antotursi@tiscali.it
• Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 2009 Sep 15; 30 (6): 532-46.

BackgroundFormation of colonic diverticula, via herniation of the colonic wall, is responsible for the development of diverticulosis and consequently diverticular disease. Diverticular disease can be associated with numerous debilitating abdominal and gastrointestinal symptoms (including pain, bloating, nausea, constipation and diarrhoea).AimsTo review the state of treatment for diverticular disease and its complications, and briefly discuss potential future therapies.MethodsPubMed and recent conference abstracts were searched for articles describing the treatment of diverticular disease.ResultsMany physicians will recommend alterations to lifestyle and increasing fibre consumption. Empirical antibiotics remain the mainstay of therapy for patients with diverticular disease and rifaximin seems to be the best choice. In severe or relapsing disease, surgical intervention is often the only remaining treatment option. Although novel treatment options are yet to become available, the addition of therapies based on mesalazine (mesalamine) and probiotics may enhance treatment efficacy.ConclusionsData suggest that diverticular disease may share many of the hallmarks of other, better-characterized inflammatory bowel diseases; however, treatment options for patients with diverticular disease are scarce, revolving around antibiotic treatment and surgery. There is a need for a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of diverticular disease to design treatment regimens accordingly.

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