• Benjamin D Grant, Richard A Schwarz, Timothy Quang, Kathleen M Schmeler, and Rebecca Richards-Kortum.
• Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, 6100 Main Street, Suite 519, Houston, TX, 77005-1892, USA.
• Methods Mol. Biol. 2015 Jan 1; 1256: 421-34.

AbstractCervical cancer causes 275,000 deaths each year with 85 % of these deaths occurring in the developing world. One of the primary reasons for the concentration of deaths in developing countries is a lack of effective screening methods suited for the infrastructure of these countries. In order to address this need, we have developed a high-resolution microendoscope (HRME). The HRME is a fiber-based fluorescence microscope with subcellular resolution. Using the vital stain proflavine, we are able to image cell nuclei in vivo and evaluate metrics such as nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, critical to identifying precancerous epithelial regions. In this chapter, we detail the materials and methods necessary to build this system from commercially available parts.

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