• Neil Upadhyay, Samuel R Vollans, Bahaa B Seedhom, and Roger W Soames.
• Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal and Rehabilitation Medicine, 30 Clarendon Road, Leeds, LS2 9NZ, United Kingdom. neil.u@doctors.org.uk
• Am J Sports Med. 2005 Oct 1; 33 (10): 1565-74.

BackgroundAlthough 10% postoperative patellar tendon shortening after bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament has been reported, there are no published studies assessing the effect of shortening on patellofemoral joint biomechanics under physiological loading conditions.PurposeTo investigate the influence of patellar tendon shortening on patellofemoral joint biomechanics.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsThe authors evaluated the patellofemoral contact area, the location of contact, and the patellofemoral joint reaction force and contact stresses in 7 cadaveric knees before and after 10% patellar tendon shortening. Shortening was achieved using a specially designed device. Experimental conditions simulating those occurring during level walking were employed: physiological quadriceps loads and corresponding angles of tibial rotation were applied at 15 degrees , 30 degrees , and 60 degrees flexion of the knee. Patellofemoral joint contact areas were measured before and after shortening using the silicone oil-carbon black powder suspension squeeze technique.ResultsAfter patellar tendon shortening, patellofemoral joint contact areas were displaced proximally on the patellar surface and distally on the femoral surface. Although the contact area increased by 18% at 15 degrees of knee flexion (P = .04), no significant change occurred at 30 degrees or 60 degrees of knee flexion (P > .05). Patellofemoral contact stress remained unchanged after patellar tendon shortening (P > .05) at each flexion angle.ConclusionOur results suggest that a 10% shortening of the patellar tendon does not alter patellar contact stresses during locomotion. It is not clear whether apparent changes in contact location in all positions and contact area at 15 degrees would have clinical consequences.

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