• Mathijs Drummen, Lea Tischmann, Blandine Gatta-Cherifi, Daniela Cota, Isabelle Matias, Anne Raben, Tanja Adam, and Margriet Westerterp-Plantenga.
• Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, MD, the Netherlands.
• J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2020 Jul 1; 105 (7).

ContextEndocannabinoids are suggested to play a role in energy balance regulation.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate associations of endocannabinoid concentrations during the day with energy balance and adiposity and interactions with 2 diets differing in protein content in participants in the postobese phase with prediabetes.Design And ParticipantsParticipants (n = 38) were individually fed in energy balance with a medium protein (MP: 15:55:30% of energy from protein:carbohydrate:fat) or high-protein diet (HP: 25:45:30% energy from P:C:F) for 48 hours in a respiration chamber.Main Outcome MeasuresAssociations between energy balance, energy expenditure, respiratory quotient, and endocannabinoid concentrations during the day were assessed.ResultsPlasma-concentrations of anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), palmitoyethanolamide (PEA), and pregnenolone (PREG) significantly decreased during the day. This decrease was inversely related to body mass index (AEA) or body fat (%) (PEA; OEA). The lowest RQ value, before lunch, was inversely associated with concentrations of AEA and PEA before lunch. Area under the curve (AUC) of concentrations of AEA, 2-AG, PEA, and OEA were positively related to body fat% (P < .05).The HP and MP groups showed no differences in concentrations of AEA, OEA, PEA, and PREG, but the AUC of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) was significantly higher in the HP vs the MP group.ConclusionsIn energy balance, only the endocannabinoid 2-AG changed in relation to protein level of the diet, whereas the endocannabinoid AEA and endocannabinoid-related compounds OEA and PEA reflected the gradual energy intake matching energy expenditure during the day.Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society 2020.

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