• Edward D Siew, Khaled Abdel-Kader, Amy M Perkins, Robert A Greevy, Sharidan K Parr, Jeffrey Horner, Andrew J Vincz, Jason Denton, Otis D Wilson, Adriana M Hung, Cassianne Robinson-Cohen, and Michael E Matheny.
• VA Tennessee Valley Health System, Health Services Research and Development, Nashville, TN; VA Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Health System, Veteran's Health Administration, Nashville, TN; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease and Integrated Program for Acute Kidney Injury Research, Nashville, TN. Electronic address: edward.siew@vumc.org.
• Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2020 Feb 1; 75 (2): 204-213.

Rationale & ObjectiveThe extent of recovery of kidney function following acute kidney injury (AKI) is known to be associated with future chronic kidney disease. Less is known about how the timing of recovery affects the rate of future loss of kidney function.Study DesignWe performed a retrospective cohort study examining the independent association between the timing of recovery from moderate to severe AKI and future loss of kidney function.Setting & Participants47,903 adult US veterans with stage 2 or 3 AKI who recovered to within 120% of baseline creatinine level within 90 days of peak injury.ExposureThe timing of recovery of kidney function from peak inpatient serum creatinine level grouped into 1 to 4, 5 to 10, 11 to 30, and 31 to 90 days.OutcomeA sustained 40% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate below that calculated from the last serum creatinine level available during the 90-day recovery period or kidney failure (2 outpatient estimated glomerular filtration rates<15mL/min/1.73m2, dialysis procedures > 90 days apart, kidney transplantation, or registry within the US Renal Data System).Analytical ApproachTime to the primary outcome was examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsAmong 47,903 patients, 29,316 (61%), 10,360 (22%), 4,520 (9%), and 3,707 (8%) recovered within 1 to 4, 5 to 10, 11 to 30, and 31 to 90 days, respectively. With a median follow-up of 42 months, unadjusted incidence rates for the kidney outcome were 2.01, 3.55, 3.86, and 3.68 events/100 person-years, respectively. Compared with 1 to 4 days, recovery within 5 to 10, 11 to 30, and 31 to 90 days was associated with increased rates of the primary outcome: adjusted HRs were 1.33 (95% CI, 1.24-1.43), 1.41 (95% CI, 1.28-1.54), and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.43-1.75), respectively.LimitationsPredominately male population, residual confounding, and inability to make causal inferences because of the retrospective observational study design.ConclusionsThe timing of recovery provides an added dimension to AKI phenotyping and prognostic information regarding the future occurrence of loss of kidney function. Studies to identify effective interventions on the timing of recovery from AKI are warranted.Published by Elsevier Inc.

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