American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Timing of Recovery From Moderate to Severe AKI and the Risk for Future Loss of Kidney Function.
The extent of recovery of kidney function following acute kidney injury (AKI) is known to be associated with future chronic kidney disease. Less is known about how the timing of recovery affects the rate of future loss of kidney function. ⋯ The timing of recovery provides an added dimension to AKI phenotyping and prognostic information regarding the future occurrence of loss of kidney function. Studies to identify effective interventions on the timing of recovery from AKI are warranted.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Longitudinal Evolution of Markers of Mineral Metabolism in Patients With CKD: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.
The pathogenesis of disordered mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is largely informed by cross-sectional studies of humans and longitudinal animal studies. We sought to characterize the longitudinal evolution of disordered mineral metabolism during the course of CKD. ⋯ Among patients with progressive CKD, FGF-23 levels begin to increase 5 years before ESKD and continue to rapidly accelerate until transition to ESKD.
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Overall body fluid concentration is regulated within a narrow range by the concerted action of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to influence water intake through thirst and water excretion via the effect of vasopressin, or antidiuretic hormone, on renal collecting duct water permeability. Sodium is the principal extracellular cation; abnormalities in overall effective body fluid concentration, or tonicity, manifest as disturbances in serum sodium concentration. Depending on its severity and chronicity, hyponatremia can lead to significant symptoms, primarily related to central nervous system function. ⋯ It is thus essential to stay within specific limits for correction, particularly for chronic hyponatremia. Hypernatremia also leads to central nervous system dysfunction, although goals for its correction rate are less well established. This Core Curriculum article discusses the normal regulation of tonicity and serum sodium concentration and the diagnosis and management of hypo- and hypernatremia.
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Multicenter Study
Experiences of US Nephrologists in the Delivery of Conservative Care to Patients With Advanced Kidney Disease: A National Qualitative Study.
It is relatively unusual for US patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) to forgo initiation of maintenance dialysis. Our objective was to describe practice approaches of US nephrologists who have provided conservative care for members of this population. ⋯ Insights from a select group of US nephrologists who are early adopters of conservative care signal the need for a stronger cultural and health system commitment to building care models capable of supporting patients who choose to forgo dialysis.
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Patients with kidney failure treated with maintenance dialysis experience a high rate of mortality, in part due to sudden cardiac death caused by arrhythmias. The prevalence of arrhythmias, including the subset that are clinically significant, is not well known. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of arrhythmias, characterize the pattern of arrhythmic events in relation to dialysis treatments, and identify associated clinical characteristics. ⋯ Arrhythmias, including clinically significant abnormal rhythms, were common. Tachyarrhythmias were more frequent during dialysis and the immediate postdialytic period. The relevance of these findings to clinical outcomes requires additional study.