• Stefan Diem, Sabine Schmid, Mirjam Krapf, Lukas Flatz, Diana Born, Wolfram Jochum, Arnoud J Templeton, and Martin Früh.
• Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Oncology/Hematology, Hospital Grabs, Switzerland. Electronic address: stefan.diem@kssg.ch.
• Lung Cancer. 2017 Sep 1; 111: 176-181.

ObjectivesImmunotherapy with the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) antibody nivolumab has changed the field of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Nivolumab shows better outcome compared to standard second line chemotherapy, but reliable prognostic markers are lacking. High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are markers of host inflammation and associated with worse overall survival (OS) in several tumor types, but have not been analysed extensively in lung cancer in the era of immunotherapy.MethodsPatients with metastatic NSCLC treated with nivolumab were enrolled. Pre-treatment NLR and PLR were calculated by division of neutrophils and platelets by lymphocytes measured in peripheral blood. Cox regression analyses were conducted to study the prognostic role of NLR and PLR on OS and progression free survival (PFS). Logistic regression was used to study the association of NLR and PLR. The combined impact of NLR and other known prognostic factors was explored with multivariable regression.ResultsFifty-two patients were included. Elevated NLR was associated with worse OS (HR for log(NLR)=3.64, 95% CI 1.78-7.46, p<0.001) and lower response rates (OR for log(NLR)=0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.68, p=0.013). There was no significant association with PFS (HR for log(NLR)=1.46, 95% CI=0.91-2.34, p=0.114). The AUC for the prediction of 10-month survival using log(NLR) was 0.738, the AUC for the prediction of response to nivolumab was 0.776. Relationships with PLR were similar. NLR and PLR didn't correlate with other known prognostic factors (i.e histology, tobacco use, ECOG performance status,) in our cohort. Inclusion of NLR in multivariable models with these other factors significantly improved the prediction of OS.ConclusionElevated pre-treatment NLR and PLR are associated with shorter OS and PFS and with lower response rates in patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with nivolumab independently of other prognostic factors.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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