• Marie T Williams, Hayley Lewthwaite, Catherine Paquet, Kylie Johnston, Max Olsson, Letícia Fernandes Belo, Fabio Pitta, Capucine Morelot-Panzini, and Magnus Ekström.
• Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Electronic address: Marie.williams@unisa.edu.au.
• J Pain Symptom Manage. 2022 Jan 1; 63 (1): e75-e87.

ContextThe Dyspnoea-12 (D-12) and Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP) were specifically developed for assessment of multiple sensations of breathlessness.ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to identify the use and measurement properties of the D-12 and MDP across populations, settings and languages.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for primary studies (2008-2020) reporting use of the D-12 or MDP in adults. Two independent reviewers completed screening and data extraction. Study and participant characteristics, instrument use, reported scores and minimal clinical important differences (MCID) were evaluated. Data on internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) were pooled using random effects models between settings and languages.ResultsA total 75 publications reported use of D-12 (n = 35), MDP (n = 37) or both (n = 3), reflecting 16 chronic conditions. Synthesis confirmed two factor structure, internal consistency (Cronbach's α mean, 95% CI: D-12 Total = 0.93, 0.91-0.94; MDP Immediate Perception [IP] = 0.88, 0.85-0.90; MDP Emotional Response [ER] = 0.86, 0.82-0.89) and 14 day test-rest reliability (ICC: D-12 Total = 0.91, 0.88-0.94; MDP IP = 0.85, 0.70-0.93; MDP ER = 0.84, 0.73-0.90) across settings and languages. MCID estimates for clinical interventions ranged between -3 and -6 points (D-12 Total) with small variability in scores over 2 weeks (D-12 Total 2.8 (95% CI: 2.0 to 3.7), MDP-A1 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) and six months (D-12 Total 2.9 (2.0 to 3.7), MDP-A1 0.8 (0.6 to 1.1)).ConclusionD-12 and MDP are widely used, reliable, valid and responsive across various chronic conditions, settings and languages, and could be considered standard instruments for measuring dimensions of breathlessness in international trials.Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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