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Anticancer research · Jun 2019
ReviewThe Past, Present and Future of Immunotherapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.
- Alexander J Chang, Lei Zhao, Ziwen Zhu, Kyle Boulanger, Huaping Xiao, Mark R Wakefield, Qian Bai, and Yujiang Fang.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, U.S.A.
- Anticancer Res. 2019 Jun 1; 39 (6): 2683-2687.
AbstractThe treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has evolved tremendously over the past decades. Localized disease is often curative with surgical resection of the malignancy. However, in cases where the primary tumor has metastasized, immunotherapy is becoming a more prevalent means to combat metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Cytokine and checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy have been demonstrated to stimulate the immune response through a number of different mechanisms. These drugs have been used as a monotherapy, combination therapy, or as successive treatments to systemic therapies. This review summarizes the success of previous and current therapeutic targets, while also leading to the direction of future therapies. This review might be helpful in improving the management of mRCC.Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
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