• Liang Liu, Xin Zhang, Lihua Zhou, Tao Yang, Yun Qiao, and Xiaodong Jiang.
• Lianyungang Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University/ The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Sep 3; 100 (35): e27138e27138.

RationaleThe emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors has brought new breakthroughs in the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Programmed cell death-ligand 1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy have been approved for the first-line treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). However, programmed death 1 inhibitors have limited efficacy in the treatment of SCLC. The reason may be related to the abnormal vascular state in the tumor microenvironment.Patient ConcernsA 55-year-old male patient, presenting cough and sputum for 1 month.DiagnosesThe patient was clinically diagnosed with SCLC and staged as ES-SCLC.InterventionsEtoposide combined with lobaplatin treatment every 3 weeks for 4 cycles, evaluate as progressive disease. On the basis of the original plan, combined with camrelizumab for 2 cycles, evaluation as progressive disease. Then, the patient was treated with intravenous infusion of camrelizumab plus oral anlotinib. After 4 cycles, evaluation as partial response. Then we continued to use camrelizumab combined with anlotinib treatment for the patient. At the end of 26 cycles, the chest computed tomography examination revealed that the patient had achieved complete remission.OutcomesAfter treated with carrelizumab combined with anlotinib for 26 cycles, the curative effect was evaluated as complete remission, progression-free survival was 24 months and there was no immune-related adverse reaction during treatment period. Besides, the patient developed complicated hand-foot syndrome, but this symptom was significantly relieved after reducing the dosage of anlotinib.LessonsIn this case, antiangiogenesis combined with programmed death 1 inhibitors significantly inhibited tumor progression. It also indicated that anlotinib concurrent carrelizumab may be a superior choice for ES-SCLC. Further clinical trials required to confifirm its effificacy and safety.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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