• Vishal Sarwahi, Sayyida Hasan, Petros Koutsogiannis, Peter Dzaugis, Rushabh Vora, Sean Molloy, Adam Benton, Haiming Yu, Sara Khoyratty, Yungtai Lo, Terry Amaral, and Darren Lui.
• Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Lake Success, NY.
• Spine. 2022 Apr 1; 47 (7): E290-E295.

Study DesignMulticenter retrospective review.ObjectiveThis study aims to address major postoperative complications associated with Scheuermann kyphosis (SK) when compared with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in a large population matched by demographic characteristics, levels fused and operative technique.Summary Of Background DataPrior studies have found that SK patients are 3.86 times more likely to experience major postoperative complications than in AIS. Historically, however, these studies have often had populations that were significantly different between the two groups in terms of disease severity, demographics, and small sample sizes.MethodsAIS patients were compared to SK patients between 2006 and 2018 contemporaneously. All surgeries were conducted by six surgeons among two institutions. Complications and revisions were calculated. A sub-analysis comparing SK and AIS patients by age, sex, and levels-fused in one-to-one matched pairs was performed as well as a sub-analysis matched by levels fused only in one-to-one matched pairs.ResultsOne thousand three hundred twenty two patients were reviewed (1222 AIS; 100 SK). There were 52 (4.3%) complications in the AIS group compared with 20 (20%) complications in the SK group (P < 0.001), with infections and revisions consisting of the majority of complication rates in both cohorts.When matched by age, sex, and levels fused, there were eight complications in the AIS group and 11 in the SK group (P = 0.63), with infection and revision rates being similar, (P = 0.29) and (P = 0.26) respectively.When matched by levels fused only, EBL, operative time and complication rates remained similar (P > 0.05).ConclusionContrary to previously published literature, our analyses indicate that in a matched population, postoperative complication rates (i.e., infection and revision rates) are not significantly different between SK and AIS patients.Level of Evidence: 4.Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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