• Hai Chen, Xiaochen Yuan, Jianqing Li, Zhiyuan Pei, and Xiaobin Zheng.
• Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau; School of Information Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China. Electronic address: isabell@bnuz.edu.cn.
• Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2019 Sep 1; 178: 163-173.

Background And ObjectiveWheezing is a common symptom of patients caused by asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Wheezing detection identifies wheezing lung sounds and helps physicians in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of pulmonary diseases. Different from the traditional way to detect wheezing sounds using digital image process methods, automatic wheezing detection uses computerized tools or algorithms to objectively and accurately assess and evaluate lung sounds. We propose an innovative machine learning-based approach for wheezing detection. The phases of the respiratory sounds are separated automatically and the wheezing features are extracted accordingly to improve the classification accuracy.MethodsTo enhance the features of wheezing for classification, the Adaptive Multi-Level In-Exhale Segmentation (AMIE_SEG) is proposed to automatically and precisely segment the respiratory sounds into inspiratory and expiratory phases. Furthermore, the Enhanced Generalized S-Transform (EGST) is proposed to extract the wheezing features. The highlighted features of wheezing improve the accuracy of wheezing detection with machine learning-based classifiers.ResultsTo evaluate the novelty and superiority of the proposed AMIE_SEG and EGST for wheezing detection, we employ three machine learning-based classifiers, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), with public datasets at segment level and record level respectively. According to the experimental results, the proposed method performs the best using the KNN classifier at segment level, with the measured accuracy, sensitivity, specificity as 98.62%, 95.9% and 99.3% in average respectively. On the other aspect, at record level, the three classifiers perform excellent, with the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity up to 99.52%, 100% and 99.27% respectively. We validate the method with public respiratory sounds dataset.ConclusionThe comparison results indicate the very good performance of the proposed methods for long-term wheezing monitoring and telemedicine.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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