• Chukwuma O Ekpebegh, Benjamin Longo-Mbenza, and Ernesto Blanco-Blanco.
• Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Private Mail Bag X1, Mthatha, Postal code 5117, Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
• Afr Health Sci. 2014 Sep 1; 14 (3): 526532526-32.

BackgroundGlycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and random blood glucose are markers of chronic and acute hyperglycaemia respectively.ObjectiveWe compared HbA1c levels in ketoacidosis (DKA) occurring in known and newly diagnosed diabetes.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records for 83 DKA admissions in 2008 and 2009 with results for HbA1c at presentation.ResultsThere were 52 and 31 DKA admissions in known and newly diagnosed diabetes patients respectively. Fifty of the 83 DKA admissions were in females. The mean age (per admissions) and HbA1c of all admissions are 43.4 ± 20.3 years (n=83) and 12.7 ± 3.4 % (n=83) respectively. Mean HbA1c in known Type 1, known Type 2 and newly diagnosed diabetes patients were similarly very high: 12.4 ± 3.3 %, 12.5 ± 3.3 %, 13.1 ± 3.7 %; P = 0.6828. The HbA1c levels in newly diagnosed diabetes patients less than 30 years (likely Type 1 diabetes) and ≥ 30 years (likely Type 2 diabetes) were similar. There was a tendency to significantly positive correlation between blood glucose and HbA1c in new diabetes patients.ConclusionsIn our setting, DKA is associated with markedly elevated HbA1c levels in known type 1, known type 2 and new onset diabetes.

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