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Journal of gerontology · Jan 1987
Comparative StudyCross-cultural comparability of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: an American-Japanese comparison.
- J Liang, H Asano, K A Bollen, E F Kahana, and D Maeda.
- J Gerontol. 1987 Jan 1; 42 (1): 37-43.
AbstractThis study involves an American-Japanese comparison of the factorial structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center (PGC) Morale Scale. A model containing 11 of the original PGC Morale Scale items was found to fit both the American and Japanese data adequately. Factorial invariance was analyzed by testing a series of nested hypotheses involving various equivalence constraints. No major differences were found in the 11-item PGC Morale Scale between the American and Japanese data sets.
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