Journal of gerontology
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Journal of gerontology · Jan 1987
Comparative StudyCross-cultural comparability of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: an American-Japanese comparison.
This study involves an American-Japanese comparison of the factorial structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center (PGC) Morale Scale. A model containing 11 of the original PGC Morale Scale items was found to fit both the American and Japanese data adequately. Factorial invariance was analyzed by testing a series of nested hypotheses involving various equivalence constraints. No major differences were found in the 11-item PGC Morale Scale between the American and Japanese data sets.