• Juan Luis Romero-Cabrera, Marta Garaulet, Jose Jimenez-Torres, Juan F Alcala-Diaz, Gracia M Quintana Navarro, Laura Martin-Piedra, Jose David Torres-Peña, Fernando Rodriguez-Cantalejo, Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zuñiga, Elena Maria Yubero-Serrano, Raul M Luque, Jose M Ordovas, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Pablo Pérez-Martínez, and Antonio García-Rios.
• Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBEROBN (CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
• Transl Res. 2022 Apr 1; 242: 79-92.

AbstractIndividuals with evening chronotypes are prone to suffer chronodisruption and display worse lifestyle habits than morning-types, exhibiting higher cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, it is unknown whether CVD patients, who are evening chronotypes, have higher cardiometabolic risk than morning-types. This study explored whether individual chronotypes were associated with cardiometabolic risk in patients from the CORDIOPREV study (n = 857). We also investigated whether potential associations were moderated by long-term consumption of two healthy diets (Mediterranean and Low-fat diets). This population was classified into chronotypes using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Seven-day daily rhythms in wrist temperature (T), rest-activity (A) and position (P) were recorded in a subset of patients (n = 168), and an integrative variable TAP was determined. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was determined at baseline, and metabolic and inflammation markers were measured at baseline and yearly during the 4 years of follow-up. Differences in several lifestyle factors were analyzed according to chronotype. At all times, evening-types had higher triglycerides, C-reactive protein and homocysteine and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol than morning-types (P < 0.05). Evening-types had a higher prevalence of MetS (OR 1.58 IC 95% [1.10 - 2.28], P = 0.01). Moreover, they were more sedentary, displayed less and delayed physical activity and ate and slept later. In addition, evening-types had lower amplitude, greater fragmentation, lower robustness and less stable circadian pattern at TAP (P < 0.01), all related to a less healthy circadian pattern. In conclusion, evening-types with CVD had higher cardiometabolic risk and less robust circadian-related rhythms than morning-types, regardless of the nutritional intervention.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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