• Yuichi Nagakawa, Yatsuka Sahara, Yuichi Hosokawa, Yoshiaki Murakami, Hiroki Yamaue, Sohei Satoi, Michiaki Unno, Shuji Isaji, Itaru Endo, Masayuki Sho, Tsutomu Fujii, Chie Takishita, Yosuke Hijikata, Shuji Suzuki, Shigeyuki Kawachi, Kenji Katsumata, Tetsuo Ohta, Takukazu Nagakawa, and Akihiko Tsuchida.
• Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. naga@tokyo-med.ac.jp.
• Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2019 Jun 1; 26 (6): 1629-1636.

BackgroundThe efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), including neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (NACRT), for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) has not been elucidated. This study aimed to clarify the efficacy of NAC and NACRT for patients with BRPC.MethodsThe study analyzed the treatment outcomes of 884 patients treated for BRPC from 2011 to 2013. Treatment results were compared between upfront surgery and NAT and between NAC and NACRT using propensity score-matching analysis. Overall survival (OS) was calculated via intention-to-treat analyses.ResultsThe overall resection rates for the patients who underwent NAT were significantly lower than for the patients who underwent upfront surgery (75.1% vs 93.3%; p < 0.001). However, the R0 resection rate was significantly higher for NAT than for upfront surgery (p < 0.001). Additionally, the OS for the patients who received NAT was significantly longer than for those who underwent upfront surgery (median survival time [MST], 25.7 vs 19.0 months; p = 0.015). The lymph node rate for the patients with NACRT was significantly lower than for those who underwent NAC (p < 0.001). However, the resection rate for the NACRT cases was significantly lower than for the NAC cases (p = 0.041). The local recurrence rate for the NACRT cases was significantly lower than for the NAC cases (p = 0.002). However, OS did not differ significantly between NAC and NACRT (MST, 29.2 vs 22.5 months; p = 0.130).ConclusionsThe study showed that NAT has potential benefit for patients with BRPC. Compared with NAC, NACRT decreased the rates for lymph node metastasis and local recurrence but did not improve the prognosis.

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