• Jien-Wen Chien, Charlene Wu, and Chang-Chuan Chan.
• Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
• J Formos Med Assoc. 2022 Sep 1; 121 (9): 1657-1667.

BackgroundThe beneficial effects of urban open green space on residential health had few investigations in Taiwan.MethodsA total of 40,375 participants older than 30-year-old attended the health screening program during 2007-2009 in the Metropolitan area in the New Taipei City. We defined urban open green spaces (UOGS) if land use belongs to parks, green, plaza, public schools and sport venues. Small public urban open space (SPUOS) is defined as UOGS with area less than 1 hector and with at least three of the followings: vegetations, sport facilities and benches. Greenness is defined as the mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Air quality was accessed by land use regression model. Logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios of diseases for proximity to UOGS or greenness.ResultsWe found that CKD was significantly associated with proximity to SPUOS. No relationship was found between proximity to UOGS or NDVI and overweight or diabetes. The adjusted odds ratio of CKD comparing distance to SPUOS >200 m and ≤200 m was 1.144 (95% CI, 1.059-1.237). The effect of open space on CKD was similar if we incorporated public schools to SPUOS. Greenness was not associated with CKD. Subgroups analyses revealed the effect of SPUOS on CKD was more prominent in health residents, including in those who never smoke, no hypertension, no diabetes and no hypertriglyceridemia.ConclusionProximity to SPUOS or schools is associated with lower risk of CKD for adults living in the Metropolitan area in New Taipei City.Copyright © 2021 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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