• Małgorzata Setny, Piotr Jankowski, Karol Kamiński, Zbigniew Gąsior, Maciej Haberka, Danuta Czarnecka, Andrzej Pająk, Paweł Kozieł, Karolina Szóstak-Janiak, Emilia Sawicka, Zofia Stachurska, and Dariusz A Kosior.
• Clinical Cardiology Center, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland. malgorzata.setny@cskmswia.gov.pl
• Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. 2022 Mar 30; 132 (3).

IntroductionAdherence to health‑promoting behaviors intended to mitigate modifiable risk factors plays an important role in secondary cardiovascular prevention.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate sex differences in the prevalence and control of risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Patients And MethodsThe study included 1236 patients who experienced acute coronary syndrome or coronary revascularization within the last 6 to 24 months. Definitions of risk factors and treatment goals were based on the 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on cardiovascular prevention.ResultsThe prevalence of modifiable risk factors in both sexes was high, and their control inadequate. Women were older (P <0.001) and had a higher accumulation of multiple cardiovascular risk factors than men (P = 0.036). They more frequently had central obesity (P <0.001) and reduced values of glomerular filtration rate (P <0.001). Women more often experienced anxiety (P <0.001), reported lower levels of education (P <0.001) and lower income (P = 0.001), and those in the youngest age group were more likely to be exposed to second‑hand smoking (P = 0.01). A large fraction of the study patients, men and women alike, did not meet the recommended therapeutic goals. For both sexes, participation in cardiac rehabilitation programs was associated with more frequent attainment of the recommended level of physical activity (P = 0.046) and smoking cessation (P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CHD is high, especially in women. Therapeutic goals are met infrequently in both sexes. This situation calls for widening the access to educational programs and paying greater attention to their proper implementation.

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