• Barbora Kostalova, Katerina Mala-Ladova, Ales Antonin Kubena, Rob Horne, Dusilova SulkovaSylvieSHemodialysis Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic., and Josef Maly.
• Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
• Patient Prefer Adher. 2021 Jan 1; 15: 2877-2887.

PurposeThe main aim was to evaluate the changes in beliefs about immunosuppressants over a 3-year period in patients after kidney transplantation. The second aim was to investigate the relationship between beliefs, medication adherence, and selected clinical outcomes such as graft functioning.Patients And MethodsThis observational follow-up study was conducted in the outpatient post-transplant clinic at the University Hospital Hradec Kralove in the Czech Republic. Adult patients, at least 4 weeks after kidney transplantation, were invited for the structured interview, which was followed by a self-administered questionnaire survey during their regularly scheduled visits at the clinic. Appropriate paired tests were used to compare two measurements of beliefs about immunosuppressants by BMQ-CZ© in 2016 (baseline) and in 2019 (follow-up). Self-reported adherence was measured by two validated tools (MARS-CZ© and BAASIS©) capturing implementation and discontinuation phases. A generalized linear model was used to investigate the relation between beliefs and the consecutive estimated glomerular filtration rate.ResultsThe study involved 134 patients. Over time, their perceived treatment necessity beliefs of immunosuppressants decreased, while their treatment-related concerns increased. Overall self-reported non-adherence (ie, taking, dosing and discontinuation of immunosuppressants) was reported by 12% of the patients in both observation periods. In the follow-up period, timing non-adherence was reported by 52 (38.8%) patients. Higher baseline treatment concerns were associated with poor adherence whereas higher baseline treatment necessity beliefs corresponded with better kidney functioning, even after adjusting for age.ConclusionHigher treatment necessity beliefs corresponded with better kidney functioning, whereas higher treatment concerns were related to non-adherence to immunosuppressants at the beginning of the observed period. Still, most patients accepted their medicines that do not come without risk. Nevertheless, decreasing treatment necessity beliefs on one hand, and increasing treatment concerns on the other, should be considered in clinical practice.© 2021 Kostalova et al.

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